The Innocence of Lamb in Songs of Innocence by William Blake

Songs of Innocence by William Blake collocates the naà ¯ve lives of children and loss of innocence of adults, with moral Christian values and how religion has the capacity to promote cruelty and prejudice. Blake was born in 1757, up to and after the French Revolution he wrote many works criticizing enlightened rationalism and instead focused on intellectual ideas that avoided institutionalization and propelled ethical and moral order. Blake’s collection of poem exposes and explores the values and limitations of secular and religious institutions. â€Å"The Lamb† focuses on children’s naivetà ©s and innocence, but also curiosity in regards to faith, and ideas of nature and God. Though naivetà © and meekness are present throughout â€Å"The Lamb†, Blake focuses on an underlying Christian theme of combining the pastoral with the spiritual. For example, the speaker, a boy, talks to a lamb, his beastly counterpart. The boy, speaking to the lamb asks. â€Å" Little lamb, who made thee?† (Blake 1). The opening query asked by the boy represents rhetoric of both the natural and spiritual world. Bryan Aubrey, in his critical essay of the lamb states, â€Å"everything in creation is embraced by the tenderness of the divine†¦[there] is no separation between human self, the natural world, and the divine kingdom† (Aubrey 1). Therefore, just as Blake suggests the lamb does not just represent the innocent but is the principal idea of the poem. The lamb represents unity among nature and religious creation.Show MoreRelatedSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagesall describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engrav er who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed hisRead MoreAnalysis Of William Blakes Songs Of Innocence And Of Experience1005 Words   |  5 PagesSongs of Innocence and of Experience, which is written by William Blake, was published in 1794. Author wants to describe the contrary of two states of human soul: innocence and experience. While Songs of Innocence include is collection of poems about happy, or joyful world, Songs of Experience are a collection of poems about sorrows, or sufferings. The above selection text is from The Lamb which is a poem in Songs of Innocence. The first impressive about this poem is that it is as a song for childrenRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreEssay The Writings of William Blake1106 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake was one of England’s greatest writers (Tejvan) in the nineteenth century, but his brilliancy was not noticed until after he was deceased. Blake was very much a free spirit who often spoke his mind and was very sensitive to cruelty. At the age of twenty five he married a woman named Catherine Boucher. They created a book of all Blake’s poems called Songs on Innocence, which was not very popula r while he was alive. On the other hand Blake’s other book of poems, Songs of Experience, wereRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger873 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed as pure, tender, and innocent. Even in the Holy Bible, lambs are talked about in such high honor that they were even used to be holy sacrifices during biblical times. William Blake describes the young sheep in similar characteristics in the poem â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†. A tiger as we know its characteristics to be is fierce and mysterious. Always lurking around, waiting for the perfect opportunity to strike. In William Blake’s two separate poems he ties each of the poems together wit hRead MoreEssay Comparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence592 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence Children embody the very essence of innocence. They see the world through virgin eyes, hear life with fresh ears and create the world with a simple mind and pure heart. It is about the only time in a persons life when the weight of sin, corruption, egotism, and hatred are not blurring their vision and thoughts. It is the only time a person is completely free. But this state of innocence becomes separated and exiled once experienceRead MoreOpposition in William Blakes The Lamb and the Tyger689 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Opposition in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger William Blakes Songs of Innocence and Experience contain some of his most known poems including The Lamb from Songs of Innocence and The Tyger from Songs of Experience. These two poems are intended to reflect contrasting views of religion, innocence, and creation, with The Tyger examining the intrinsic relationship between good and evil. Blake utilizes contrasting images and symbols to examine opposing perspectives of good and evilRead MoreThe Lamb and the Tyger Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tyger and The Lamb by William Blake, written in 1794 included both of these poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. These two poems are meant to be interpreted in a comparison and contrast. They share two different perspectives, those being innocence and experience. To Blake, innocence is not better than experience. Both states haveRe ad MoreEssay Songs about Life712 Words   |  3 PagesIn Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789 and 1794), William Blake arouses readers minds and leads them into a path of finding their own answers and conclusions to his poems. He sets up his poems in the first book, Songs of Innocence, with a few questions as if they were asked from a childs perspective since children are considered the closest representation of innocence in life. However, in the second book, Songs of Experience, Blakes continues to write his poems about thought-provoking concepts

A Rose for Emily and A Clean Well Lighted Place Essay

A Rose for Emily vs A Clean Well Lighted Place A Rose For Emily is a story of a southern women and the secret she has kept for 40 years. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place takes place in a cafà © in a Spanish country. There are three characters in this story, two which are waiters, and an old drunk man. This story is very mysterious just as A Rose for Emily. Both stories are told in an omniscient point of view. A Rose for Emily begins off telling us that Miss Emily has now died and people have come to her funeral. We see how the men have come out of respectful affection yet the women have come because of their curiosity, since no one has seen her in years except the gardener, manservant, and the cook. We really do not get a time†¦show more content†¦We get the picture of the old man drinking and the two waiters observing him and understanding he was drunk. Unlike A Rose for Emily we find out a little more about the character when we find out that the old man is deaf and is a regular client at this cafà ©. We also get a better depiction of the scene, â€Å"†¦In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ernest Hemingway also sets up a time frame for us. He lets us know that it is late at night. We can also compare the last paragraph of each story. In both stories we get a revelation at the end. In A Rose for Emily it is discovered that next to the dead body of old Homer Barron in Miss Emily’s room, is a pillow where Miss Emily would lay. This ending is really grearisome and grotesque. In A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, we get a realization of what the title of the story is all about and how the older waiter feels. He explains how he prefers a clean-well lighted cafà © over a bar or bodega. We also hear how he can not sleep at night and much prefers to sleep in the daylight, a weird case of insomnia. Both stories seem to be very different and there is not much in common between both stories. Yet, in one aspect they both mention death. In A Rose for Emily is the death of Emily and her lover Homer Barron. In A Clean, Well-Lighted Place it is the mention of the fact that the old man tried to commit suicide one night. Both stories may have some similar aspects yetShow MoreRelatedLoneliness In Short Stories712 Words   |  3 PagesLoneliness In Short Stories These short stories of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place,† and â€Å"Miss Brill,† shows the main characters being lonely and doing things that people don’t see very often unless it’s on the news. After hearing of the main characters’ back story, The reader can infer that the reason the character is in such dismay is because of everything they went through. Therefore, these lonely people do things that makes the reader believe that they are insane. The themeRead MorePhilippine vs. Anglo-Saxons Short Stories1239 Words   |  5 Pagesstory. Anglo-Saxon and Philippine Short Stories also had similarities in terms of character development and world views. The conflict in each of the characters of the short stories supported the flow of events that happened eventually. Emily in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, pressed by the image of her coming from the elite family, led her to kill the man she loved who could not possibly love her back. Badoy and Agueda’s disillusionment from love in â€Å"May Day Eve† proved that their love for each other wasn’tRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming selfish to the person you controlled the life. The realization of the characters can be described that all of us have or will have the realization on every scenario that will come into our own lives. Title: A Clean-Well Lighted Place Author: Ernest Hemingway I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts Different symbolism were displayed in this short story of Ernest Hemingway. The Old Waiter symbolizes the people who faces or having problems into their lives. The YoungRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pageschurch with two colored windows, and a miserable main street only a hundred yards long. On Saturdays the tenants from the near-by farms come in for a day of talk and trade. Otherwise the town is lonesome, sad, and like a place that is far off and estranged from all other places in the world. The nearest train stop is Society City, and the Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is three miles away. The winters here are short and raw, the summers white with glare and fiery hotRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesresponsible for the increase in cancers of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, pharynx and larynx. * Smoking also harms the digestion, because nicotine decreases the production of gastric juices. * Many non-smokers find tobacco smoke unpleasant. * Lighted cigarette ends thrown away carelessly commonly cause fires. * Women who smoke have more abortion, stillbirths and premature births, than non-smoking mothers do. Babies born to mothers who smoke are smaller in size. Nicotine may cross the placentalRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdeal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments

Auditing - Assurance Services and Ethics Process

Question: Discuss about the Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics Process. Answer: Introduction This report seeks to shed light on the subject of auditor liabilities that tend to arise on account of the losses borne by the users. While there are a host of users of financial report, however, shareholders and creditors are the two significant stakeholders whose interest is highly impacted by any misreporting. Considering the role of auditors in the bankruptcy of businesses as has been witnessed in the GFC (Global Financial Crisis), the concept of auditor liability for the losses of the user groups has gained currency. In this context, the liquidation of investment bank Lehman Brothers was indeed a watershed event. The given report carries an in-depth analysis of the auditor liability concept in the wake of GFC like events. Additionally, it also offers a host of recommendations to auditors on how to ensure that their respective liability remains minimal in case of a future GFC. Impact of GFC There is no denying the fact that the adverse impact of GFC has been felt by all sectors of economy but unarguably the sector that has borne majority of the brunt are the organisations involved in financial services and products in the developed nations (Shefrin and Shaw, 2016). As a result, the so called invincible firms also succumbed to the mounting liability burden and had to file for bankruptcy. Arguably, the biggest name in this regard was that of Lehman Brothers. In relation to Lehman Brothers, while there are a plethora of factors coupled from untamed greed to financial statement misrepresentation that could be held responsible, but the role of auditors is undeniably one of the contributory factors. This is primarily because the bankruptcy did not just happen in a particular quarter but was the result of malicious practices being practiced over a longer period. Prominent amongst these was the usage of 105 Repo which the auditor of the company EY failed to capture in their rep ort which clearly indicates towards negligence or fraud (Leung, Coram Cooper, 2012). HBOS is another financial organisation based in the UK which became bankrupt as a result of the GFC. However, GFC merely exposed the reckless lending practices which the company adhered to and were the real cause of failure. The company did not provide due consideration to the underlying creditworthiness of the prospective lender but rather extended loan facility on the back of rising asset prices which could serve as an effective collateral. This effectively led to the diminishing financial position which the auditors failed to capture before the actual damage was done (Caanz, 2016). Legal Concept of Auditors liabilities The role of the external auditor with regards to organisational progress and sustainability cannot be undermined as these adequately capture the various risks and verify the contents of the financial statements. This role assumes a greater responsibility in the modern financial markets where there are complex products whose implications are difficult to understand by the stakeholders and there is an increasing reliance on services offered by auditors. Considering the importance of their role, it is apparent that the auditors have a duty towards both their users and client and must uphold professional standards at all time (Gay and Simnett, 2012). The performance of the audit function with prudence and adequate care would ensure that the interest of both client and users is safeguarded which the auditors must seek to aim (Arens et. al., 2013). In case of any negligence or intention wrongdoing observed by the auditor, common law prescribes liability for the auditors on account of non-compliance of their respective fiduciary duties along with professional standards. The key auditor liabilities are highlighted below. Negligence liabilities Apparent from the name itself, this seeks to capture the auditor liabilities that tend to arise primarily on account of negligence on part of auditor leading to losses for the users (Caanz, 2016). The auditors have a duty to care directly towards the users as well as their clients and hence must conduct their work with skill and adequate due diligence. Failure to do may lead to breach of this duty which may cause significant losses to clients and users alike. In wake of this, the negligent auditors may have to pay damages for the losses caused due to their negligent conduct (Arens et. al., 2013). Civil and Criminal offence liabilities Auditors would be subject to criminal liabilities only when they conduct fraud i.e. indulges in intentional wrongdoing. This usually transacts through the formation of a quid pro relationship between the external auditor and management which has severe adverse implications for the interest of the users specially shareholders (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). In such cases, the stakeholders who suffer loss could initiate legal proceeding against the defaulting auditor. Also, in certain cases the client may press charges against the concerned auditors if they fail to deliver the expected professional standards (Lindgren, 2011). Proportionate liabilities It is noteworthy that liability of auditor tends to be proportional to the resultant losses that is caused to the host of user groups and the client which may arise either due to intentional misconduct (fraud) or misconduct by mistake (negligence). Currently in the Australian context, there is capping of the auditor liability to 10x the audit free obtained from the given client. However, this amount is significantly lower in comparison to the quantum losses suffered by the user groups and hence in accordance with proportionate liabilities concept, there is a strong case either to increase the cap or to remove it all together (Cheung Kandiah, 2016). Auditor liability and GFC A key observation which was made during the bankruptcy of various financial institutions during GFC was the fact that these organisations collapsed despite having an unqualified audit report within the past year. This clearly raises questions on the intent and underlying relevant of the auditing profession as the professionals are supposed to act as alarm bells and indicate the users about the potential risks (Humphrey, Loft Woods, 2009). The unqualified remark by the external auditor on the audit report is indicative of the fact that the underlying firm has adhered to the relevant accounting norms and has managed to faithfully represent the financial performance (ASIC, 2016). The importance of this opinion is apparent from the fact that an auditor on account of incorrect opinion offered on purpose, could have to face criminal proceedings (Arens et. al., 2013). The statements outlined above can be validated on account of the host of cases that the auditor of Lehman Brothers i.e. E Y had to face from the investors in the aftermath of the bankruptcy of the company. In this context, it is noteworthy that the company deployed plenty of dubious accounting practices which led to misrepresentation of liabilities in a systematic manner but the auditors failed to highlight this. A critical example in this regard is Repo 105 usage which has tremendous adverse implications for the accurate financial performance representation but the issue was not raised in the audit report. EY eventually closed the lawsuit by agreeing to a settlement amount to the tune of $ 10 million in 2015 (Freifeld, 2016). It is noteworthy that this is not an isolated case of lawsuit being initiated against auditor in case of bankruptcy of the client. With regards to the auditing of a Chinese firm Sino-Forest, Ernst and Young (EY) was at the receiving end as substandard audit cla ims were filed by the aggrieved investors when the firm became bankrupt. The audit report produced by EY did not indicate any concern with regards to the falling financial performance and hence auditor failed in the duty. As a result, EY has to pay a sum of $ 118 million for settlement of the claim. A similar lawsuit was settled in Australia by PWC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) in 2013 when it made a payment of AUD 67 million to placate the duped investors of Centro Retail (Aubin, 2013). It is significant to note that the various firms which became bankrupt during the GFC had a common issue in terms of financial statements representation. As a result, their financial statements in the audited reports did not accurately and fairly reflect the outstanding liabilities in the form of various non-balance sheet items and complex derivative contracts. Besides, there was stretching of asset valuation through creative accounting so as to present a healthy financial position in order to support the artificially high stock price. Moreover, these institutions were also characterised with weak internal controls which failed to provide any credible resistance to wrong and fraudulent business practices (Soh and Bennie, 2011). It is evident from the above discussion that the auditor through audit procedures must avoid any material misrepresentation of financial performance and simultaneously ensure relevance of services for the users. To ensure correction of the any lapses, correcti ve measures need to be adopted by the external auditor failing which a qualifying remark should be given in the audit report. It is requisite that the auditor must carry out the job entrusted with utmost skill and care as the external auditor tends to act as the last line of defence. Additionally, auditors also have to provide evidence to highlight that the external auditors does not share any quid pro quo understanding with the clients management. This is critical when the auditors may be accused of intentional misrepresentation or fraud (Gay Simnett, 2012). This is apparent from the various arguments presented in the proceedings pertaining to the Pacific Acceptance Corporation v. Forsyth (1970) 92 WN (NSW) 29 at 65 case. It was debated that the prime determinant of the auditor liability would be auditors conduct based on which it would be detected whether fraud or negligence is present or not (Serperlaw, 2016). In order to prevent auditor liability, it is essential that the auditor must carry out the audit job with utmost professionalism and skill so as to produce relevant audit reports. With regards to asset valuation, one key concern is whether the auditor should provide estimated value of the asset on the basis of certain assumptions and besides, ascertain if the companys valuation of the same asset lies in that range or not. In this process, if the auditor comes across some discrepancies, then these must be reflected in the auditor report. In performance of these complex tasks, it is essential that along with the underlying professional skills, the auditor also needs to capitalise on the rich experience (Caanz, 2016). However, considering the increasingly volatile financial markets and ever complex products, it becomes challenging for the auditors also to provide an accurate and object valuation. Hence, in such cases, the audit limitations should also be provided due reference to (Leung, Coram Cooper, 2012). A critical business assumption pertains to the going concern which prescribes that the business is likely to continue in the long run and has no concerns in the short run which could potentially lead to its closure. In instances, where the client faced cash crunch, liquidity concerns may be present and this needs to be extended in the annual report of the company by the directors (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). With regards to the director assessment of business and the underlying review also, the auditor needs to opine as part of the audit report as the guidance provided by the management enables the investors to make investment decisions. The above information tendered by the auditor enables providing relevant information to the stakeholders in a timely basis thus enhancing decision making and preventing future losses (Xu et al., 2013). In case the directors fail to produce this assessment or produce a misrepresented version, then the auditor would need to tender a qualified opi nion. If there is failure on auditors part with regards to fair representation of significant uncertainty in the audit report, then this would amount to negligence on part of the auditor. With regards to GFC, the critical issue is to determine whether some information regarding the going concern risk was indeed present and whether the same was appropriately captures in the audit report or not. This would go a long way in determining the underlying auditor liability during liquidation of firms at difficult times such as GFC (Arens et. al., 2013). Also, a key role in determination of auditor liability is played by the internal controls which are in place so as to minimise the incidence of financial misrepresentation. Since the auditor also needs support of the internal controls, hence it is essential that these should be functional which would minimise the risk of lapses in the audit process. The internal controls have come to light in a big way in the aftermath of the GFC as most companies observing bankruptcy had very weak or non-existent internal controls which also led to the increasing liabilities burden that effectively led to the demise of the business (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). Further, it is expected that in the future, the importance of the internal controls would grow and would also impact the overall auditor liability (Azim, 2012). Recommendations It is apparently evident from the discussion carried out above that role of auditor cannot be undermined in ensuring fair and accurate financial performance representation. Their role has shot to limelight during the recent bankruptcies observed in the GFC. While, the external auditor has duty to care towards the client towards the client and users, but in wake of increasing complexity and subjectivity in the assessment, it is imperative that the able support of functional internal controls and related procedures needs to be extended. Further, the corporate governance framework exhibited in various companies also needs to be strengthened through benchmarking. This is likely to act as a defence to the abuse of the powers by the higher management especially the executive directors (Caanz, 2016). The companies also need to take appropriate measures so as to keep the business risk under control and the directors should adhere to their duties as highlighted in the Corporations Act 2001. However, the auditors also need to mend ways and take proactive measures in line with professional conduct so as to ascertain that independence should not be compromised in any manner (Arens et. al., 2013). Also, in view of increasing complexity, it is essential that the auditors must undergo constant professional training for skill upgradation so as to ascertain that they could perform the audit accurately and reduce the overall subjectivity. This would ensure that an accurate estimation of the various assets and underlying liabilities may be made in time and associated risks captured in the audit report. This would enable the auditors to minimise their liability in case of any future bankruptcy (Gay Simnett, 2012). References Arens, A., Best, P., Shailer, G. and Fiedler, I. 2013. Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia, 2nd ed., Sydney: Pearson Australia ASIC 2016, Financial Reports. [Online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/preparers-of-financial-reports/financial-reports/ (Accessed 25 January 2017) Aubin, D. 2013, Analysis: Knives out for auditors as class actions go global, Reuters Website, [Online] Available from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-accounting-lawsuits-idUSBRE92K0QB20130321 (Accessed 25 January 2017) Azim, M. 2012, Corporate Governance Mechanisms And Their Impact On Company Performance: A Structural Equation Model Analysis, Australian Journal Of Management, [Online] Available from https://aum.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/07/30/0312896212451032.abstract (Accessed 25 January 2017) Caanz, S. 2016, Auditing And Assurance Handbook 2016 Australia, 3rd ed., Sydney: John Wiley Sons Chung, J, Farrar, J , Puri, P and Thorne, L 2010, Auditor Liability To Third Parties After Sarbanes-Oxley: An International Comparison Of Regulatory And Legal Reforms, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 19(1), pp. 6678 Cheung, J. and Kandiah, S. 2016, Audit Negligence: Who Is To Blame When It All Goes Wrong, Kordamentha Website, [Online] Available from https://www.kordamentha.com/docs/for-publications/issue2011-04-auditnegligence.pdf?Status=Master (Accessed 25 January 2017) Gay, G. and Simnett, R. 2012, Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia, 5th ed., Sydney: McGraw-Hill Education Freifeld, K. 2016, Ernst and Young Settles With N.Y. For $ 10 Million Over Lehman Auditing. Reuters Website, [Online] Available from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ernst-lehman-bros-idUSKBN0N61SM20150415 (Accessed 25 January 2017) Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. 2014. Business Law, 8th ed., Sydney: Pearson Publications Humphrey, C., Loft, A. and Woods, M. 2009, The global audit profession and the international financial architecture: Understanding regulatory relationships at a time of financial crisis, Accounting, organizations and society, 34(1), pp.810-825. Leung, P., Coram, P. and Cooper, B.J. 2012, Modern Auditing and Assurance Services. 4th ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons Lindgren, K.E. 2011, Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, 12th ed., Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Serperlaw (2016) Liability Of Auditors In The Common Law System: Australian Position. [Online] Available from https://www.serperlaw.com/about-us/publications-and-articles/liability-of-auditors (Accessed on 25 January 2017) Shefrin, H. and Shaw, L. 2016, The Global Financial Crisis and its Aftermath: Hidden Factors in the Meltdown. 4th ed., London: Oxford University Press Soh, D. and Bennie, N. 2011, The Internal Audit Function: Perceptions Of Internal Audit Roles, Effectiveness And Evaluation,Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7), pp. 605 622 Taylor, G., Tower, G. and Neilson, J. (2010), Corporate Communication Of Financial Risk,Accounting Finance,50(2), pp.417-446 Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Jiang, I. 2013, Responses By Australian Auditors To The Global Financial Crisis, Accounting And Finance, 53(1), pp. 301338

Merchandising Operation of Woolworths †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Merchandising Operation of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction: Getting placed in Woolworths has helped me to integrate my studies in my chosen field. My responsibilities in the company included looking after the safety of food and products, handling cash and filling orders. My professor has taught in the class about order filling and other such tasks which I can implement in my workplace. It was not at all difficult for me to manage the product orders at Woolworths because I have done a practical activity in my class regarding this. I was trained about how to handle cash by my professor which helped me manage the task of billing at Woolworths. Prior teachings and training on several job roles has helped me to undertake any kind of tasks without thinking a bit. Woolworths does not compromise at all when it comes to food quality and safety management. This is their major area of concern and they do not want to hamper their reputation in any way. I was assigned with the most important task of the company and my classroom teaching helped me to be su ccessful in this part too. There was an assignment on the food value and safety which gave me the insight about how things are likely to be. Thus, the lessons learnt at class about managing work orders, cash and product values were beneficial and advantageous in the workplace. My placement in Woolworths helped me implementing my theoretical knowledge into practice. This will also be helpful for my future aspect in the chosen field. Reference Devin, B. and Richards, C., 2016. Food waste, power, and corporate social responsibility management in the Australian food supply chain.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-12. Humayun, S.H., 2016. Merchandising operation of Woolworths Global Sourcing.

Manifest Destiny Essays (709 words) - MexicoUnited States Relations

Manifest Destiny MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny took place in the US in the mid-1800. Manifest Destiny was used among the Americans in the 1840s as a defense for U.S. territorial expansion. It is the presumption that God had destined the American people to at divine mission of American movement and conquest in the name of Christianity and democracy. In order to understand manifest destiny we must first find its origin. John OSullivan first initiated manifest destiny into America in 1845. This New York editor wrote the phrase that captured this mood when he attempted to explain Americans thirst for westward expansion he wrote: the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly expanding millions. There are two components that make up manifest destiny. One is the religious influence and the other is the need and desire for westward expansion. Manifest Destiny was based on the ideal that Americans had the divine right from God to expand its borders with no limit on area or country. For some it was the will of God for the expansionist to spread throughout the country to control and populate the country as they see fit. It did not matter to the expansionist if people such as the Indians were living on that particular piece of land. The expansionist just saw it as they were doing Gods work. The expansionist pushed many Native Americans to also move westward to escape conflict with these so-called followers of Gods will. Some Native Americans did not just turn their heads and allow the expansionist to take the land that so righteously belonged to them. The Native Americans did fight back on some occasions however the Native Americans could not withhold any longer and subsided to the Americans control. The expansionist forced many of the Native Americans on reservations as they continued to move westward to dominate what the ex pansionist thought was theirs to dominate. While some were driven on what they believe was Gods will others saw Manifest Destiny as the historical inevitability domination of North America from sea to sea. Before, manifest destiny, many Americans had small families not by choice, but for the mere fact that many of the people would die before they would reach forty. By the mid 1800s technology began to rise, and the life span for many Americans increased. The U.S. population grew from more than 5 million in 1800 to more than 23 million by the mid century. By the increasing of families in town many of the towns became overcrowded. At this point many Americans looked to the west for possible permanent homes. To others Americas manifest destiny was s looked west for economic gain. The land westward-represented wealth, income, self-sufficiency, and freedom. No one really knew what laid west to them, but many of these people were very adventurerous and took the journey west. By the 1840s expansion westward was at its highest. Many Americans traveled the Santa Fe Trail or the Oregon Trail. Many merchant-traders who took manufactured good from Santa Fe to exchange for furs and other items available there used the Santa Fe Trail. William Becknell, a Missouri trader, first discovered the trail. He opened the Santa Fe trial as a commercial route between what was then the western reaches of the United States and New Mexico. For other adventurers the Oregon Trail seemed to be their source of travel. In 1845 approximately 5,000 traveled the Oregon Trail to Oregons Willamette Valley. The Oregon Trail was the longest pioneer trail that went west. It was a long travel that was approximately 2,00 miles. Many people died on the way, but the thirst for wealth over exceeded the rate of survival. The Santa Fe Trail and The Oregon Trail contributed to many Americans outlook on the westward expansion. Manifest Destiny was a very historic event that was responsible for making America grow. It helped bring about new inventions such as the wagon in 1831. It also helped open paths for the railroad. Because of manifest destiny Americas driven right for expansion and exploration will never die. History

4 Facts About Native American Reservations

4 Facts About Native American Reservations The term Indian reservation refers to the ancestral territory still occupied by a Native American nation. While there are approximately 565 federally recognized tribes in the U.S., there are only about 326 reservations. This means that almost one-third of all currently federally recognized tribes have lost their land bases as a result of colonization. There were well over 1,000 tribes in existence prior to the formation of the U.S., but many faced extinction due to foreign diseases or were simply not politically recognized by the U.S. Initial Formation Contrary to popular opinion, reservations are not lands given to Indians by the United States government. Quite the opposite is true; land was given to the U.S. by the tribes through treaties. What are now reservations is the land retained by the tribes after the treaty-based land cessions (not to mention other mechanisms by which the U.S. seized Indian lands without consent). Indian reservations are created in one of three ways: By treaty, by executive order of the president, or by an act of Congress. Land in Trust Based on federal Indian law, Indian reservations are lands held in trust for tribes by the federal government. This problematically means that the tribes technically do not own title to their own lands, but the trust relationship between tribes and the U.S. dictates that the U.S. has a fiduciary responsibility to administer and manage the lands and resources to the best advantage of the tribes. Historically, the U.S. has failed miserably in its management responsibilities. Federal policies have led to massive land loss and gross negligence in resource extraction on reservation lands. For example, uranium mining in the southwest has led to dramatically increased levels of cancer in the Navajo Nation and other Pueblo tribes. The mismanagement of trust lands has also resulted in the largest class-action lawsuit in U.S. history known as the Cobell case; it was settled after 15 years of litigation by the Obama Administration. Socioeconomic Realities Generations of lawmakers have recognized the failures of federal Indian policy. These policies have consistently resulted in the highest levels of poverty and other negative social indicators compared to all other American populations, including substance abuse, mortality rates, education, and others. Modern policies and laws have sought to promote independence and economic development on the reservations. One such law- the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988- recognizes the rights of Native Americans to operate casinos on their lands. While gaming has produced an overall positive economic effect in Indian country, very few have realized significant wealth as a result of casinos. Cultural Preservation Among the outcomes of disastrous federal policies is the fact that most Native Americans no longer live on reservations. Its true that reservation life is very difficult in some ways, but most Native Americans that can trace their ancestry to a particular reservation tend to think of it as home. Native Americans are place-based people; their cultures are reflective of their relationship to the land and their continuity on it, even when they have endured displacement and relocation. Reservations are centers of cultural preservation and revitalization. Even though the process of colonization has resulted in much loss of culture, much is still retained as Native Americans have adapted to modern life. Reservations are places where traditional languages are still spoken, where traditional arts and crafts are still created, where ancient dances and ceremonies are still performed, and where origin stories are still told. They are in a sense the heart of America-a connection to a time and place that reminds us how young America really is.

Read the attached case and write a legal brief of the case Study

Read the attached and write a legal brief of the - Case Study Example s motion, the District court suppressed the data obtained through GpS while the vehicle was parked at Jones’s residence but accepted the remaining data on the ground that Jones had no reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets. The D.C Circuit reversed the conviction on the ground that warrantless use of GpS violated the Fourth Amendment. Government approached the Supreme Court. A. Rule: The Fourth Amendment provides that â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure, shall not be violated†. The government’s claim that a search has not occurred is rejected because in Katz v. United States (1967), the Court observed that â€Å"the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places†, and found violation in the attachment of an eavesdropping device to a public telephone. B. Application: Though the Fourth Amendment jurisprudence was mainly tied to common-law trespass till the second half of 20th century, it deviated after that and started protecting the privacy of people, not places. The vehicle comes under â€Å"effect† as provided in Fourth Amendment, and it is not an â€Å"open field† as claimed by the

Experiential learning-case study. MSc in HRM Essay

Experiential learning-case study. MSc in HRM - Essay Example Experiential learning therefore directly addresses the needs and desires of the learner, rather than being dictated by the instructor. In the context of organizations, individuals acquire different skills, ideas and concepts by observing what others are doing within the organization itself. Practical solutions to problems and obstacles that confront the learner motivates him to work out solutions to problems by either observing how others do it or innovating a way of doing it that others may later imitate (Rogers & Freiburg, 1994, p 16). Starting a business for instance is usually a response to a certain need that the business is envisaged to meet. Once the business takes off however, it may not survive by sticking strictly to the original plan since other unforeseen needs arise that are met experientially. Many business organizations therefore survive through constant learning brought about by varied experiences (Rogers & Freiburg, 1994, p 17). This case study focuses on the Wegman’s Food Markets. It analyzes how the company has established a reputation, and won awards in the process, as one of the organizations with the best human resource management practices. This has been achieved almost entirely through the practice of experiential learning (Bingham, & Galagan, 2005). Though from the foregoing, experiential learning is a self-motivated process, the concept can be used to initiate and effect interventions in employee training and development by organizations (Rogers & Freiburg, 1994, p 18). One such example is Wegmans Food Markets. It is a huge chain of supermarkets ranking as one of the biggest private companies in the US. In 2005 Fortunes magazine rated it the best in among the top 100 employee friendly companies in the US (Bingham, & Galagan, 2005). The Company has some 35,000 employees in its 69 stores located in New

Gp 3 managing organizational change Research Paper

Gp 3 managing organizational change - Research Paper Example Shared’ in which the members will be asked to form the teams and in each team there will be a note taker who will write the common traits of the team members and then the unique traits of the individuals (Unique and Shared). This activity will help each team member to understand the behavior of entire team to ease and open the intra-group communication and they will learn to manage the conflicts. Johari Window is used to create open communication by sharing information of each other to build trust and then attain feedback for further improvement (The Johari Window). Day 2 will be suitable for Johari window introduction as the day is dedicated to setting themes and priorities. Once the team members are fluently communicative with each other, they can easily work on priorities and themes. Unique and Shared - Icebreakers, Ice Breakers, Ice Breaker Games. (n.d.).Icebreakers, Ice Breakers, Ice Breaker Games. Retrieved May 17, 2014, from

The British Empire in Africa

The British Empire in Africa How far do you agree that changing attitudes to Empire within Britain explain both expansion and the dismantling of British imperial power in Africa? The British Empire began to expand into Africa in 1880 and by 1913 the empire had control over 458 million people and 25% of the worlds land. However by 1981 the British Empire had come to an end after it could no longer afford the maintenance of such a big Empire. British involvement in Africa was a period that saw many changes, some economic, some international and political changes, which in turn led to many adjustments in Africa itself. In turn these changes affected attitudes of the British government and public opinion and undoubtedly influenced key decisions about both expansion and dismantlement in Africa. Britains first intervention in Africa occurred in Egypt. Egypt was part of the Turkish Empire in 1882 but discontent lead to national revolts that scared Britain. Following the purchase of the Suez Canal shares in 1875, British financial and trading interests had grown in the area. Britain could not allow her investments in Egypt jeopardized, as Egypt was a vital route to India. As a consequence of trying to protect these investments Britain occupied Egypt for 40 years longer than anti imperialist Gladstone had hoped. This resulted in further territorial control for Britain; unconsciously Gladstone had expanded the British Empire and ignited the change from informal rule to formal occupation in North Africa. This was all necessary as it was done to protect economic interests of the empire, as well as securing the route to India. The expansion into the Sudan was comparable to that of Egypt as it was unintentional. Once again Britain got drawn in due to an uprising in the area. Gladstones first initiative was to put down this unrest as he sent General Gordon who was an experienced and valued soldier to evacuate British and Egyptian nationals from the Sudan to prevent any harm from occurring to them. In spite of this General Gordon disobeyed these orders with an intention of acquiring more land for the empire, resulting in his team and himself getting slaughtered two days before a British force was sent to help them. Expansion of the empire at this point was coincidental and unanticipated as the expansion in North Africa was the outcome of an unplanned policy to exploit economic benefits and ensure stability in the regions to care for British economic interests. However it was a turning point in attitudes towards Africa as the occupation of Egypt resulted in the scramble for Africa between European powers. Expansion remained informal . However Men on the spot such as Cecil Rhodes, George Goldie and Sir William McKinnon influenced the central government and built their own success through shipping trade and selling natural resources. Britain wanted the West Coast of Africa for its palm oil. The palm oil resources of West Africa were appealing as palm oil was used as an industrial lubricant and was the base for soaps and candles. However this involvement was not one of formal rule but rather informal trade. It is significant that Britain was only involved for economic reasons and did not posses any ideology of expanding to the west. Britain took control of West Africa simply because the region was unstable due to local resistance and interests of other European powers. In 1885 Chamberlain sent in a British force to support George Goldie in order to secure the region for British interests against both the Ashanti and the French John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, in their review of The Imperialism of Free Trade, Vol. VI, no. 1 (1953) emphasise the economic importance of informal empire to the British government. Nevertheless Britain was in a dilemma, as it could no longer conform to its informal rule if other European powers established their control over West Africa. This resulted in further reluctant expansion and increased support for men on the spot, as Britain could not allow other European countries to control land in West Africa, which could threaten their trade interests. Britain was once again driven into East Africa due to trade benefits and fear of European rivals, immense competition from Germany resulted in Britain giving support for McKinnon to establish the East Africa Company to combat the German East Africa Company. The change in the governments attitudes was a result of seeking to save the empire due to the vast competition it was experiencing at the time. Cecil Rhodes was the most dominant individual in the push for British expansion in South Africa. He was a member of the Cape parliament .It was clear that his vision was to expand the empire across all of Africa as he saw this as his sense of imperial destiny. His expansion in South Africa was well planned however this time the British government supported the expansion as Rhodes was able to persuade the British government to grant a charter to form the British African company. This was a transformation as the central government was supporting this expansion to South Africa, it was Joseph Chamberlain who encouraged Rhodes in acquiring more land. The government actively supported him, as they needed to prevent other European power from having influence and power in the area and also they realized the massive economical benefits of South Africa. This led to a disagreement between the Boers who were descendants of the Dutch settlers in South Africa and the British. The Boers resented the policies of Joseph Chamberlain, which they thought he would remove their chance of independence and also they loathed the British for taking their natural resources like gold and minerals. Thus with equipment from the Germans the war between the Boers and the British had flared. This war would have damaging effects on both sides as the Boers land got destroyed and many were sent to horrendous concentration camps, but the repercussions of this event would have a profound effect on the dismantling of the Empire as British view on empire changed and the general public were starting to doubt if the empire was morally good for Africa and opinions shifted away from the previous acceptance and pride felt by many in the country. The expansion into South Africa made the British Empire seem weak as she was asserting power on undeveloped people. During World War one the African colonies played a major part in the war effort and their resources were much needed by Britain. At this point there was a change within the British Empire as the value of its colonies became apparent. After WW1 the metropolitan attitudes to empire changed, as many politicians believed that the empire was solely based around economic interests and partnership. This was enforced greatly following WW1 as Britains economic situation had worsened and national debts had increased to a staggering $4000 million, which meant undoubtedly the help and cooperation of the colonies was needed. At this point the empire was becoming an economic burden on the government, as the cost of war was unbearable, this contributed to the decline of the empire. WW2 had the same economic impact on the empire as it weakened it from its foundations which then resulted in Britain losing her position as world leader due to no longer being economically capable of handling such a empi re. Britain wanted to influence post war developments in Africa so that it was beneficial to metropolitan investors however this was not able to occur due to the increased nationalism in African colonies such as Kenya, were the Mau Mau rebelled against British occupation and rule. Revolts by the Mau Mau made investors in 1950 unenthusiastic about investing in the area. Consequently this lead to nationalist pressure in the push forward for independence. Robert Tignor in Capitalism and Nationalism At the End of Empire: State and Business in Decolonizing Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya, 1945-1963 (1998) argues that it was neither foreign nor local business that were key players but this national movement that contributed to the dismantlement of the British empire. A direct impact of the economic failures experienced by Britain after the world war was that it helped fuel national movements such as the Mau Mau. As new ideas of self-determination and international climate attitude become more appare nt after World War I and World War 2. This then reinforced the anti-imperial trend and encouraged growth in nationalism in Africa as the colonies began the push for independence. This then hastened the dismantlement of the British Empire. The rate of decolonisation was drastically accelerated because of the Suez crisis of 1956. Due to Nasser nationalizing the Suez Canal Britain and France invaded Egypt with the hope of replacing Nasser and taking control of the canal. These actions had a massive backlash on British prestige as the United States condemned their actions. Subsequently it resulted in the British withdrawing from Egypt, which highlighted Britains fragileness. This turn in the balance of power scared Eden, as he still believed there was space on the world stage for the British Empire however he was mistaken, as the Suez crisis was the last straw in British imperialism as it changed the balance of world power considerably. Britain was no longer the dominant power and consolation and approval from the United States was needed before the government could take any major decisions. This was a major blow to the empires reputation and power, this loss of faith accelerated the dismantlement of the British Empire. T his was seen through the change in politics in London as Eden resigned and a new modern Prime Minster was appointed. Harold Macmillans modern and progressive prospective would accelerate the decolonisation of Africa, as unlike Eden he did not support imperialism and realized that the empire could no longer deliver the same economic benefits as before. Macmillans shift in political opinion resulted in him addressing the South African parliament in 1960 with his wind of change speech. This speech would have a huge impact on the decolonisation of the empire as it was seen as an indication that the central government had accepted that Britain could no longer have imperial possessions. This was apparent in the rapid granting of independence for the African colonies.[1] Libya gained independence in 1951 and Egypt in 1952 and were the first African nations to gain independence. In 1957 Ghana was the first country south of the Sahara to gain independence. This period in time marked a quick decolonisation as indicated by the attached map, as fourteen African countries gained their independence in 1960. By 1966, all but six African countries were independent and the dismantlement in these countries would be different as it was not rapid but prolonged. One of these countries was Zimbabwe, which was previously known as Rhodesia, it was a settler colony and the European settler community kept the mass of the population, which was African from seizing majority rule. The European settlers. This resulted in aggressive nationalism, which was different to the rest of Africa. Subsequently it meant the prolonged granting of independence as Zimbabwe was finally independent in 1980. Overall the view of empire among the public had changed dramatically over the hundred-year period. Attitudes had shifted from the previous patriotic view of empire to a realization that empire could not exist in the new modern world. This was a result of events such as the Wars Britain was involved in and the dramatic change in international view. It is evident that Britain did not intend on expanding the empire in 1880 and the reluctance of this expansion was apparent in the expansion into North Africa. However, once Britain realized the economic benefits of expanding their territories in Africa imperialism became much easier which then generated wide spread support for empire. Acquiring such beneficial land made Britain very weary of other countries as losing colonies in Africa would effectively result in a decrease in power and influence. This then resulted in the one major continuity in imperial policy through out this period, which was the focus on protecting the empires economi c interests. The dismantlement of empire was fast paced as the empire had become more difficult to manage effectively. Empire was no longer being an economic benefit as it previously was in 1900, but more of an economic burden due to constantly trying to put down nationalism in Africa. The change in attitudes regarding the benefits empire in my opinion resulted in the decolonisation of these colonies and the end of an era in British rule. Part B bibliography: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/54185/gail-m-gerhart/capitalism-and-nationalism-at-the-end-of-empire-state-and-busine. British imperial and foreign policy 1846-1980 (textbook) written by John Aldred. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/2095.htm. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/suez_01.shtml. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/coldwar.htm. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDsuez.htm. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571713/Suez-Crisis. http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/projects/suez/suez.html. http://everything2.com/title/Suez+crisis. The lions share: A short history of British Imperialism, Bernard Porter, 2004. British imperialism by R. Johnson. Empire documentary by Neill Ferguson. The history of Britain By Simon Schama. http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m7b/activity4.php.

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics ABSTRACT: I call the union of cybernetics and systems theory 'Systems Cybernetics.' Cybernetics and systems theory might be thought of a major source of today's striking development in cyber-technology, the science of complex adaptive systems, and so on. Since their genesis about the middle of this century, these two have gradually come to be connected with each other such that they have now formed an integrative theory which can be called Systems Cybernetics. This article pays attention to its aspects which are often overlooked, but which have profound significance for contemporary philosophy and our handling of various problems posed by modern societies. I insist that the dominant factors of European modernization are primarily economic and technological, though modernity has often been characterized by philosophical and scientific rationalism. I also insist that there are several problems which deserve particular attention but are made invisible by the economic and technological i nclination of the modern mind. In such a context, the problem of reductionism in modern science and the concept of subject detached from its surroundings are discussed. In order to cope with these problems, main theories of System Cybernetics are applied. Post-modern System Cybernetics — which will be illustrated — is also expected to play an active part. Foreword I am Japanese, and now feel keenly that Japan has been under an accelerating modernization. For example, we are now facing to so-called cyber-revolution, financial Big Ban and so on. On the other hand, the international conference for preventing the temperature rising of the earth caused by carbon dioxide was held in Kyoto just in December, 1997. These situations have made me convinced more and more firmly that system cybernetics has a particular significance for our consideration of the problems in modernization. I specialize in philosophy of science ('theory of science' in a more exact expression), and have long been interested in N. Wiener's cybernetics as well as General System Theory founded by L. von Bertalanffy, while proposing for a decade or so to call the union of these two 'system cybernetics'. In this paper, the significance of system cybernetics in dealing with the problems related to modernization, and its post-modernity as well, will be discussed, together with its relation to philosophy. I am very grateful for the opportunity of submitting this article which may be published just in 1998, the fiftieth memorial year since the publication of Wiener's book, Cybernetics.

Columnist Analysis: Mitch Albom

Kristen Chesmore Hall AP English Lang 3-3-13 Name of Columnist: Mitch Albom Title of Column: One Day, Coming out Won't Mean Leaving. Publication: Detroit Free Press Access of Info: March 2, 2013 Albom, Mitch. â€Å"One Day, Coming out Won't Mean Leaving. † Detroit Free Press 17 Feb. 2013: n. pag. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Summary: Robbie Rogers is a talented 25 year-old soccer player from southern California. He won the NCAA championship and has played on the U. S. national soccer team. Needless to say, soccer was his life and he was very successful.On February 5th, 2013 he came out to the public that he was gay. Almost immediately after he shared this news, he retired to discover himself away from soccer. He gained much support from fans, media and teammates, but none were able to convince him to keep playing soccer. Mitch Albom discusses this news in his column and the gives hope of a male professional sports player that is brave enough to admit to being gay, and stay to play the ga me for a change. Rhetorical Square: Audience: Alboms Audience would be those who are interested in the news of soccer and other professional sports leagues.He is also targeting men who are in those professional sports leagues and are gay, to be the first to admit to it publicly and continue to play. Persona: The author takes on the persona of a person who supports the gays and has hope for them to be able to be open about their sexual orientation. Purpose: The purpose of this column is to convince future and current gay professional athletes to publicly state their sexual orientation and not let fear or the judgment of others convince them to step away from their dreams.Argument: Albom argues that instead of being scared to be open about being gay, these professional athletes should overcome that fear and be a role model for others who want to be a professional athlete but are afraid that being themselves will get in the way of achieving their dreams. Rhetorical Devices: Albom start s this column with creating a picture of a young and very successful soccer player named Robbie. He does this by describing how young he is and how many major teams he has been on and major championships he has won.By creating this image for the audience it makes it more shocking that he threw all of that success away because he thought people would judge him after he openly admitted that he was gay. This is an appeal to pathos because the audience will sympathize with the story of a successful athlete pushed out of his sport from fear of what society would think of him. When he is describing how Rogers left his career he uses short chopped up sentences. By doing this he is showing how abrupt the decision was through sentence structure rather than verbally stating that his notice of leaving the sport was out of nowhere.This way the audience understands, visually, how shocking it was. Albom also uses direct quotes from Roger’s blog that exhibit how vulnerable and desperate he was. The quotes he uses include words like â€Å"fear†, â€Å"judgment† and â€Å"rejection† that have a negative connotation. These quotes appeal to pathos and make the audience sympathize with the soccer player that felt there was no other way to deal with this than to retire because he was so afraid of being treated differently. It makes his target, gay professional athletes, want to be the first to come out publicly and stay to play so that a situation like Roger’s doesn’t have to happen again.At the beginning and end of the column Albom describes the first man to be a publicly gay professional athlete. He describes him as â€Å"A brave man, a confident man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , using positive adjectives that make this man seem admirable. This shows the audience that being openly gay and a person of higher power is a very respectable thing to be, not something that people show look down upon. This further convinces the audience to want to be honest w ith who they are. He also includes quotes from a 49ers football player, Chris Culliver, who as not afraid to show his homophobic side. The answers used from an interview that asked his opinion on if he had a teammate that was gay teammate were very bold and hateful. By using these quotes it is another appeal to pathos and is supposed to make the audience angry that someone would be so rude to someone over the sex that they are attracted to. it also makes the audience want more people to stand up for gay people and make society more accepting towards them. And ultimately that will start when the first male professional athlete publicly admits to being gay.

Legalizing Ecstasy essays

Legalizing Ecstasy essays Have you ever believed in something your entire life, only to come to terms that your belief is miss-informed? Recently something like that happened to me. For a speech class I had to do research on a popular drug called ecstasy, used at raves and underground parties. My first take on the drug was that it was very unstable and that it could eventually lead to death. Obviously you believe most stuff you read in the news, and so I took the news to heart about ecstasy. The problem was that the source of my information was really unsubstantiated rumor. I used to believe that all drugs were bad no matter what but in fact, after extensive research on ecstasy, I discovered that there is therapeutic value in that the drug helps patients of therapists open up more during sessions. I believe the DEA should lift the ban it has placed on ecstasy. Obviously you are taught from an early age that all drugs are bad and using them is only for the bad and scary people of the world. But research has shed new light on the popular drug ecstasy. Ecstasy was developed and patented in the early 1900s, but it wasnt until the 1970s that it came in to the hands of a therapist. About to retire from a life long career in therapy, he was convinced by a friend to try the drug. The following day he abandoned his plans of retirement and went on the road, touring the United States, introducing this new drug to therapists. During this time he spoke to over 4000 therapists and convinced them to at least try the new experimental drug. Almost all of them decided that it was of use and started implementing it in their sessions. At this time there was no consequence for using or possessing the drug. It wasnt until 1985 that the DEA got word of this new drug and put it into a Schedule 1 category ban, the category for non-medicinal and non-researchable drugs. Use of ecstasy all but disappeared in the U.S., until recently. In t ...

Aether Definition in Alchemy and Science

Aether Definition in Alchemy and Science There are two related science definitions for the term aether, as well as other non-scientific meanings. (1) Aether was the fifth element in alchemical chemistry  and early physics. It was the name given to the material that was believed to fill the universe beyond the terrestrial sphere. The belief in aether as an element was held by medieval alchemists, Greeks, Buddhists, Hindus, the Japanese, and the Tibetan Bon. Ancient Babylonians believed the fifth element to be the sky. The fifth element in the Chinese Wu-Xing was metal rather than aether.(2) Aether was also considered the medium that carried light waves in space by 18th and 19th Century scientists. Luminiferous ether was proposed in order to explain the capacity of light to propagate through apparently empty space. The Michelson-Morley experiment (MMX) led scientists to realize there was no aether and that light was self-propagating. Michelson-Morley Experiment and Aether The MMX experiment was performed at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward Morley. The experiment used an interferometer to compare the speed of light in perpendicular directions. The point of the experiment was to determine the relative motion of matter through the aether wind or luminiferous aether. It was believed light required a medium in order to move, similar to the way sound waves require a medium (e.g., water or air) to propagate. Since it was known light could travel in a vacuum, it was believed the vacuum must be filled with a substance called aether. Since the Earth would revolve around the Sun through the aether, there would be a relative motion between the Earth and the aether (the aether wind). Thus, the speed of light would be affected by whether the light was moving in the direction of the Earths orbit or perpendicular to it. The negative results were published in the same year and followed up with exp eriments of increased sensitivity. The MMX experiment led to the development of the theory of special relativity, which does not rely on any aether for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The Michelson-Morley experiment is considered to be the most famous failed experiment. (3) The word aether or ether may be used to describe apparently empty space. In Homeric Greek, the word aether refers to the clear sky or pure air. It was believed to be the pure essence breathed by gods, while man required air to breathe. In the modern usage, aether simply refers to invisible space (e.g., I lost my email to the aether.) Alternate Spellings: Æther, ether, luminous aether, luminiferous aether, aether wind, light-bearing ether Commonly Confused With: Aether is not the same thing as the chemical substance, ether, which is the name given to a class of compounds containing an ether group. An ether group consists of an oxygen atom connected to two aryl groups or alkyl groups. Aether Symbol in Alchemy Unlike many alchemical elements, aether does not have a commonly accepted symbol. Most often, it was represented by a simple circle.

Lutz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lutz - Essay Example likely to stir emotional and physical reactions from the clients, a development that is likely to negatively affect the brand image (Goshgarian n.p.). Based on the observations of Lutz, it is sad to note that people are often too short sighted to discover carefully articulated phrases. In this case, the impact of public understanding of linguistic strategies behind ads is explored. Without a doubt, the alcohol industry is marred by use of weasel words in attempts to lure clients into adopting drunken behaviors. In line with Lutz observations, double speak is a common occurrence. As a global brand, Heineken is acceptable to many as a responsibly brewed alcoholic beverage with esteemed quality. The firm has partnered with many institutions in an attempt to attain publicity that would be essential in promoting its brand integrity. Further, Heineken has sponsored many athletes and public figures, all targeted towards promoting its brand image. Through reviews, it is evident that many youthful populations find themselves endeared to the public figures, a fact that drives them into imitating what the public figures do. Further, football is a widely accepted and followed sport across the globe. Specifically, the European champions’ league provides an ideal platform for various firms to seek fame. In such avenues, clients tend to endear themselves to the produc ts on offer. Reviewing Heineken marketing strategy, the firm advertizes its alcoholic brand just before and after the champions’ league matches, creating its esteemed image as a stable firm with the capacity to sponsor the league. In this advert, the starring exhibits accurate ball shooting ability. In this sense, the brand is trying to indicate that consumption of the drink improves energy and accuracy of the client. In reality, this weasel image created is far from truth. If I were a client to Heineken, realization that consumption of Heineken is likely to affect my stability, preventing me from exhibiting

Strategic Plan to Reduce Falls and all Realated Injuries on the Essay

Strategic Plan to Reduce Falls and all Realated Injuries on the Alzhiemers Disease Unit - Essay Example As the AD progresses, complex motor sequences become disorder, and this issue increases the victims’ risk of falling. In the advanced stage, AD patients will be completely dependent on their caregivers. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), falls and fall related injuries constituted the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among older adults in 2010 (CDC). This paper will introduce a strategic plan to reduce falls and all related injuries in Alzheimer Disease Unit. The occurrence of falls in AD victims is very frequent and this problem results in dreadful consequences like fractures, cognitive decline, and lack of independence. Many studies have identified the fatal consequences of falls among AD patients with intend to develop potential prevention/intervention strategies. Statistical data from an Alzheimer’s disease unit in a nursing home in Chicago indicate that there have been 6-7 hips surgeries and one death resulting from fall over the last two months. According to Alzheimer’s Association (2013), 26% of the AD related hospitalizations in 2013 could be attributed to syncope, fall, and trauma. Orcioli-Silva, Simieli, Barbieri, Stella, & Gobbi1 (2012) reflect that as compared to healthy elders, elderly people with AD are highly vulnerable to falls, falling nearly 4-5 times a year. Referring to various studies, the authors add that ‘touched or stumbled on the obstacles’ constitute one of the leading causes of falls in AD patients. High cognitive load in AD patients causes motor changes, which in turn leads to decreased automated motor of gait and increased risk of falling. Kato-Narita and Radanovic (2009) clearly state that â€Å"elderly with dementia have a doubled to threefold risk for the occurrence of falls, probably due to motor impairment, attentional deficits, use of psychotropic medication, and behavioral

Paraphrase for Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Paraphrase for Discussion - Essay Example The general assumption is that the object’s convection is higher in a vertical stream as a result of the extra free convection where the temperature would be expected to drop fast. However, it has been tested that free convection would be rather negligible in magnitude to the forced convection. The main reason for this negligible magnitude can be attributed to the aspect of velocity in free convection compared to forced convection. A faster velocity can lead to more energy being transferred into the system as molecules come into contact with the surface of the object while forced convection is mainly concerned with molecules being constantly being forced to the surface. As such, it can be observed that there is a correlation between linear convection coefficient and fluid velocity as shown by the experiment. However, the main source of error in this experiment was related to the time of sampling of every five seconds of the swinging action of the objects in the airstream. The biggest error is witnessed in the spikes of data especially on the convection verse time figures. As the object moved from the main airstream, it lost speed and force due to the fact that there was less air molecules contacting the surface of the object and the result was a drop in the temperature of the object. The hardware to collect temperature can be cited as the main cause of the error in this experiment. In real terms, energy is lost through convection as well as well as reduction of molecules as the object move from the main airstream. Given that more energy is lost to convection, it can be noted that the convection coefficients will appear higher than what is actually obtaining on the ground. It has therefore been recommended that future experiments should ensure that temperatures are increased where the an extremely thermal resistive material has to be used in order to hold the object against swinging while in touch

Ethical Decision Making by Individuals Essay Example for Free

Ethical Decision Making by Individuals Essay Existing theoretical models of individual ethical decision making in organizations place little or no emphasis on characteristics of the ethical issue itself. This article (a) proposes an issue-contingent model containing a new set of variables called moral intensity: (b) using concepts, theory, and evidence derived largely from social psychology, argues that moral intensity influences every component of moral decision making and behavior: (c) offers four research propositions, and (d) discusses implications of the theory. Conclusions and Implications Existing theoretical models have ignored the effect of characteristics of the moral issue itself on ethical decision making and behavior in organizations. Taken at face value, these models suggest that individuals will decide and behave in the same manner regardless of the nature of the moral issue involved. An employee of a drug manufacturer would view the release of a dangerous drug by his or her firm with the same alarm (or lack of alarm) that he or she viewed the theft of a few diskettes from the company supply cabinet by a fellow employee. The issue-contingent model proposed here explicitly rejects this view and suggests that the moral intensity of the issue itself has a significant effect on moral decision making and behavior at all stages of the process. If this model is found to have empirical support, the testing of other models would be significantly affected. Controlling for issue traits would become an integral part of a meaningful test of Trevinos (1986) person-situation interactionist model, for example; the relative importance of personal factors and situational factors might vary considerably, from issue to issue. Similarly, issue charucteristics could alter the balance of teleological and deontological considerations in the moral evaluation stage of Hunt and Vitells (1986) general theory model of marketing ethics. Perhaps the most important potential impact of an empirical finding that ethical decision making and behavior are issue contingent involves the applicability of the models themselves. Moral intensity is expected to play a major role in the recognition of moral issues and, hence, in the actual engagement of moral decision-making processes instead of, or in addition to, other decision-making schemata. Simply stated, the details of moral decision-making and behavior processes become irrelevant if the person does not recognize that he or she is dealing with a moral issue. Future models of ethical decision making should include some consideration of the effect of the moral agents failure to recognize the moral issue. Moral intensity is also relevant to the general applicability of Kohlbergs (1976) theory of cognitive moral development. If moral development is issue contingent, as this article and some emerging empirical evidence suggest, then Kohlbergs theory would have to be substantially revised, and much of the research based on it would have to be reappraised. Future research based on his developmental theory would have to control for traits of the moral issues involved. From a practical point of view, issue contingency is important to normative judgments of moral decisions and of the people who make them. Many of the elements of moral intensity (magnitude of consequences, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, and concentration of effect) are directly related to judgments of the importance of moral issues. If these elements of moral intensity are found to be positively linked to moral behavior, it can be concluded that people generally behave better when the moral issue is important than they do when it is unimportant. Regardless of a persons views regarding the overall moral tenor of society or its alleged decline in recent years, he or she could easily be encouraged by the finding that peoples best moral behavior is inspired by issues of substantial importance.

Descriptive Essay - A Mountain Resort :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Mountain Resort For those who like winter sports like skiing and snowboarding, we have just the perfect place- the remote yet very popular mountain resort called Balea Lake. It is situated at an altitude of 2,034m, being the highest mountain resort of Romania. The cliffs are covered with snow from November till late July, sometimes still persisting till the new one arrives. First, you have to reach Balea Waterfall, and only afterwards try to get to the lake. Late spring is the best time to come- you take the main road and you’re disappointed cause you see no sign of snow and you think you have come such a long way for nothing. But you keep driving, hoping to find that wonderful place where you can ski or snowboard in T-shirt only, without worrying you’ll catch another cold and hoping to meet some of the friends you haven’t seen for the past month or more. The road makes a big turn and suddenly you see what you’ve been waiting for: the big mountains are still covered with snow. So everyone is happy and anxious to finally arrive up there. The area is fantastic for the best skiers and boarders and it offers excellent routes for f reeride. The resort has only two chalets, each one situated on one side of the lake. There are many tow-days contests taking place here. The participants are from many different countries and they come here to have fun and do what they like and know best: extreme ski and snowboard. Snowboard is relatively a new extreme sport in Romania, but there already are many kids who practice it. Parties where everyone is having a good time and creating a friendly atmosphere, one would say specific to this place follow the contests. The party lasts till late in the night, when a peaceful silence covers the mountains. But the calm doesn’t last too long. Tired, but woken by the lukewarm rays of sun, the riders begin the new day with some tricks and jumps on the quarterpipe

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

Mark Twain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though popularity associated with the American frontier and life on the Mississippi, Samuel Longhorne Clemens --Mark Twain—actually spent many of his happiest and most productive years in and near New York City. Mark Twain was, without question, the finest sastirist of his time. Through his writing, one can see as deeper morality than most of his time held. Twain wrote the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1885. His novel of Huckleberry Finn was no exception; he used his gift of satire to show the flaws of the people around him. He contrasted the illusion of freedom to realitity, ignorance with enlightenment, and what is percieved as good to what is truly good. Since its publication it has always seem to be in trouble. It is known as one of the greatest books ever written and also one of the most racists books ever written. Many people felt that it was similar to a history lesson of a hands on account of what life was like in Mississippi. On the other hand p eople felt it is derogatory toward African-Americans. It is still frequently in the news, as various schools and school systems across the country either ban it from or restore it to their classrooms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The social classes that Twain portrays in this novel are extremely slanted, and they are not just about racism. It’s more like a rich-poor issue, which is illustrated by Huck and Jim (poor) versus the upper-class townspeople (rich). The upper-class people are racist and keep slaves. Huck, being part of the lower class, is not racist and makes friends with the slaves. Basically, Twain’s opinion is that they are wrong and separationalist. He continually portrays the upper-class people as immoral, unintelligent, and bigoted. On the other hand, the lower-class people, such as Huck and Jim, are portrayed as clever, moral, and self satisfied. Of course, Huck and Jim end up as heroes, successful in their quest for freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The illusion of freedom is a powerful one. It allows people, in this case,Huck, to rest in a false sensew of control over one’s own life.

Comparing Gender Roles of Americans over Past 100 Yrs

Kristal Smith Professor Ryan Enc 1101 Section 39547 November 22, 2012 Contemporary Roles vs Roles 100 Years Ago If we look at America 100 years ago, the changes from then to now are phenomenal. In 1906, the average life span was 47 years. Only 18% of the homes had their own private bathtub. There were only 8000 cars total in the United States with only 144 miles of paved road. [1] Today we have an estimate 250 million registered vehicles in the United States. There have been laws passed that every home must have its own bathtub and fresh source of water.Considering the changes the United States has made over the past 100 years, it is no surprise that the roles of men and women have changed as well. The roles of men and women in contemporary society verses their roles in society 100 years ago present a large gap of physical and psychological differences. The American woman of the 1900’s was to be seen, not heard. She was the homemaker and the one to raise the children. She cook ed, cleaned, tended the laundry, taught the children and took care of her husband.She had no rights or freedoms in the political or religious world. was Limited rights and freedoms with a full load of responsibility was a difficult task to succeed at however the role was well defined which provided a sense of security. She was able to maintain a soft and emotional dispostion simply because there were no expectations of her to be any other way. The 1900’s American woman is the definition of what we term the traditional role of a woman. [2] Her counterpart, the 1900’s American man, was the worker, provider and protector.He had a voice in politics and religion. He gained respect and prestige by his job, his wife, and his children. The role of the man was simple but very important. He was strong and secure with the emotional support of his wife. The roles of the 1900 American women and man complimented each other well and were successful. The American woman role of modern day society has evolved since the 1900’s. In modern day, woman have the right to vote and run for presidency if she chooses to.Women have equal rights as men in the political and religious fields as well in the work force. In modern day, many women work and help support financially for their family. The modern day American woman has more weight and stress to carry along with her rights and freedoms. This often prevents her from being soft and emotional. Their counterpart, the modern day American man, still follow the traditional roles of being the provider and the protector, but there are also a lot of â€Å"stay-at-home† dads which means they are now the homemaker.In some cases, he is not the protector and security which can affect his masculinity. It is complicated to adequately detail the modern day roles of men and women as the lines are no longer clearly defined. The past 100 years has served the American man and woman a diverse amount of changes from woman gainin g equal rights to men cooking and cleaning. In the 1900’s, the roles of women and men were clearly defined and accepted. Today, the roles are not defined and the expectations are confused.Men and women both can now be the political leader, the provider, the homemaker, and the protector. The modern day roles of men and women sharing rights and freedoms are perceived as a good thing. Perhaps the traditional roles were more successful at complimenting each other as they eliminated the problem of gender role confusion. Works Cited 1. â€Å"Women 100 years Ago vs Women Now† http://recomparison. com/comparisons/100358/women-100-years-ago-vs-women-now/ 2. â€Å"100 Years Ago in America† http://rense. com/general70/100yrs. htm Copyright  © 2002 JPS/Kitco Inc

Free Essays on The Yearling

After the Civil War many men moved to the scrubs. One of those men was Penny Baxter, who moved to a place in the scrubs called Baxter’s Island. He settled there and started a family. He had a wife who goes by Ma, and a son named Jody. Jody’s maturity is shown throughout one year, through different events, in the novel called The Yearling. In the early stages of the book Jody spends his time avoiding his chores, and having fun instead. â€Å"He [Penny] was doing Jody’s work, and in his good coat†(9). Although, it seemed not always to be Jody’s fault that he did not do his work, but some blame could be put on Penny. â€Å"’Men-folks has got to stick together in the name o’ peace’†(11). Penny remembers what it’s like to be a kid, there is just one rule, to act like a kid. Jody did eventually mature enough to do his chores around the house. â€Å"’ Look at him [Jody] move,’ his mother said. ‘To see him hoe, you’d think he was a snail. Say â€Å"huntin†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘ and he’s as quick as an otter’†. (29) Besides hunting, something else motivated Jody to be responsible; Flag. Flag was a fawn that Jody found and raised by himself. Jody was extremely proud of Flag, although Flag was a bit rambunctious toward the end of the book, ruining the only crops the Baxter’s had to eat. This was a serious matter because there was no more hunting to be done at this point, hunting season had ended and the crops and the little meat were suppost to get them through the winter. Throughout the past year, Jody is maturing with each coming day. Different events also guided Jody on the right path to becoming a man. For instance, the death of Fodder-wing. This was a horrible tragedy in this story, yet w if it had not happened, Jody would not have had that motivation to take on more responsibility as he grew older. â€Å"’I come to see Fodder-wing. I come to show him my fawn’. . .’Buck said, ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on The Yearling Free Essays on The Yearling After the Civil War many men moved to the scrubs. One of those men was Penny Baxter, who moved to a place in the scrubs called Baxter’s Island. He settled there and started a family. He had a wife who goes by Ma, and a son named Jody. Jody’s maturity is shown throughout one year, through different events, in the novel called The Yearling. In the early stages of the book Jody spends his time avoiding his chores, and having fun instead. â€Å"He [Penny] was doing Jody’s work, and in his good coat†(9). Although, it seemed not always to be Jody’s fault that he did not do his work, but some blame could be put on Penny. â€Å"’Men-folks has got to stick together in the name o’ peace’†(11). Penny remembers what it’s like to be a kid, there is just one rule, to act like a kid. Jody did eventually mature enough to do his chores around the house. â€Å"’ Look at him [Jody] move,’ his mother said. ‘To see him hoe, you’d think he was a snail. Say â€Å"huntin†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘ and he’s as quick as an otter’†. (29) Besides hunting, something else motivated Jody to be responsible; Flag. Flag was a fawn that Jody found and raised by himself. Jody was extremely proud of Flag, although Flag was a bit rambunctious toward the end of the book, ruining the only crops the Baxter’s had to eat. This was a serious matter because there was no more hunting to be done at this point, hunting season had ended and the crops and the little meat were suppost to get them through the winter. Throughout the past year, Jody is maturing with each coming day. Different events also guided Jody on the right path to becoming a man. For instance, the death of Fodder-wing. This was a horrible tragedy in this story, yet w if it had not happened, Jody would not have had that motivation to take on more responsibility as he grew older. â€Å"’I come to see Fodder-wing. I come to show him my fawn’. . .’Buck said, ï ¿ ½...

But, its in the Dictionary!

But, its in the Dictionary! But, it’s in the Dictionary! But, it’s in the Dictionary! By Maeve Maddox Sometimes readers respond to my rejection of a given word or spelling with the argument that its â€Å"in the dictionary.† My response is that dictionaries are not scripture. Just because a word is in the dictionary does not mean that it’s an acceptable choice for all speakers and writers in all contexts. The recent discussion on mankind vs humankind certainly bears that out. Then there’s the fact that more than one variety of â€Å"standard English† is spoken and written in the world. British speakers write honour where Americans write honor. Americans write the noun percent as one word; British speakers as two: per cent. Region and audience will determine which are the â€Å"correct† spellings. A good dictionary is the writer’s indispensable tool. I consult both the OED and Merriam-Webster Unabridged in the process of writing every post. I do not, however, take the view that because a particular spelling is included as an entry or given as an alternate spelling that it is â€Å"just as good as† a more conventional word or spelling. I’ll give just two words to illustrate: alright and irregardless. Both words have separate entries in both of my dictionaries. alright: a frequent spelling of all right OED alright: in reputable use although all right is more common Merriam-Webster irregardless:probably blend of irrespective and regardless; [nonstandard] Merriam-Webster irregardless: in nonstandard or humorous use: regardless OED The spelling alright is to be found in Middle English. The Online Etymology Dictionary points out that in modern use the spelling is â€Å"attested since 1893.† Nevertheless, the spelling alright screams â€Å"incorrect† at me. I would never use it in my own writing, and it distracts me in the writing of others. As for â€Å"irregardless,† I might use the word as a speech tag to characterize a fictional character, but I’d never use it in my own speech or writing. Other speakers and writers, on the other hand, have embraced the word. Dictionaries, like spell checkers, are useful up to a point. The â€Å"point† is the place at which the writer’s background, education, personality, and purpose are called into play. Without a single red underline, my spell checker permits me to write I seen there faces threw the window.† It’s up to me whether or not I want to leave it that way. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Oppose and Opposed To

Levels of Measurement Worksheet With Solutions

Levels of Measurement Worksheet With Solutions Data can be classified into one of four levels of measurement.   These levels are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Each of these levels of measurement indicates a different feature that the data is showing. Read the full description of these levels, then practice sorting through the following. You can also look at a version without answers, then come back here to check your work. Worksheet Problems Indicate which level of measurement is being used in the given scenario: SOLUTION: This is the nominal level of measurement. Eye color is not a number, and so the lowest level of measurement is used. SOLUTION: This is the ordinal level of measurement. The letter grades can be ordered with A as high and F as low, however, differences between these grades are meaningless. An A and a B grade could be separated by a few or several points, and there is no way of telling if we are simply given a list of letter grades. SOLUTION: This is the ratio level of measurement. The numbers have a range from 0% to 100% and it makes sense to say that one score is a multiple of another. SOLUTION: This is the interval level of measurement. The temperatures can be ordered and we can look at differences in the temperatures. However, a statement such as A 10-degree day is half as hot as a 20-degree day is not correct. Thus this is not at the ratio level. SOLUTION: This is also the interval level of measurement, for the same reasons as the last problem. SOLUTION: Careful! Even though this is another situation involving temperatures as data, this is the ratio level of measurement. The reason why is that the Kelvin scale does have an absolute zero point from which we can reference all other temperatures. The zero for the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales is not the same, as we can have negative temperatures with these scales. SOLUTION: This is the ordinal level of measurement. The rankings are ordered from 1 to 50, but there is no way to compare the differences in rankings. Movie #1 could beat #2 by only a little, or it could be vastly superior (in the critics eye). There is no way to know from rankings alone. SOLUTION: Prices can be compared at the ratio level of measurement. SOLUTION: Even though there are numbers associated with this data set, the numbers serve as alternate forms of names for the players and the data is at the nominal level of measurement. Ordering the jersey numbers makes no sense, and there is no reason to do any arithmetic with these numbers. SOLUTION: This is the nominal level due to the fact that dog breeds are not numeric. SOLUTION: This is the ratio level of measurement. Zero pounds is the starting point for all weights and it makes sense to say The 5-pound dog is one quarter the weight of the 20-pound dog. The teacher of a class of third graders records the height of each student.The teacher of a class of third graders records the eye color of each student.The teacher of a class of third graders records the letter grade for mathematics for each student.The teacher of a class of third graders records the percentage that each student got correct on the last science test.A meteorologist compiles a list of temperatures in degrees Celsius for the month of MayA meteorologist compiles a list of temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for the month of MayA meteorologist compiles a list of temperatures in degrees Kelvin for the month of MayA film critic lists the top 50 greatest movies of all time.A car magazine lists the most expensive cars for 2012.The roster of a basketball team lists the jersey numbers for each of the players.A local animal shelter keeps track of the breeds of dogs that come in.A local animal shelter keeps track of the weights of dogs that come in.